LRU Cache

LRU Cache explained for frontend engineers — mental model, examples, common mistakes, and interview tips.

advanced2 min readUpdated Jul 9, 2026

dsa
design
interview
Google
Meta

Why this matters

If you ship frontend products, LRU Cache shows up in real code and interviews. This page builds a practical mental model first, then the details.

Core idea

Classic design interview problem. Focus on pattern recognition, complexity, and clean JavaScript/TypeScript — not memorizing a single solution line-for-line.

Key takeaways

Know the problem LRU Cache solves before memorizing APIs
Prefer a tiny demo you can rewrite from memory
Name one tradeoff or footgun in interviews

Example

// JS sketch — replace with your optimized solution
function solve(input) {
  // TODO: LRU Cache
  return input;
}

How to think about it

Start from the user or system problem this solves. Once the problem is clear, the API or pattern is easier to remember — and easier to reject when it is the wrong tool.

Common mistakes

Memorizing definitions without writing a demo
Ignoring edge cases interviewers always probe
Copying patterns without knowing performance or a11y cost

Interview angle

State the pattern (design), give brute force then optimized complexity, walk an example, and test edge cases out loud.

Practice

Explain LRU Cache out loud in under a minute with no notes.
Build a minimal demo in the playground or a scratch file.
Write one production bug this concept would have prevented.